Le dépistage des cancers du poumon
Seance of wednesday 15 april 2026 (Dépistage des cancers : quelles voies d'amélioration ?)
DOI number : 10.26299/5kfv-nn60/emem.2026.16.05
Abstract
Lung cancer screening reduces lung cancer-specific mortality by 20% to 40% and improves overall survival by approximately 6%. Screening is systematically combined with smoking cessation advice. This improved survival is primarily due to earlier diagnosis of lung cancer. After screening, approximately 70% of lung cancers are diagnosed at stage I or II, which is most often curable.
The eligibility criteria and procedures for lung cancer screening are based on the results of two large prospective randomized studies, one North American (NLST) and the other European (NELSON).
Lung cancer screening has been progressively recommended and implemented worldwide since the 2010s. It involves a process with four main steps: 1) inviting target populations; 2) The initial consultation to verify eligibility, provide information, offer smoking cessation support, and schedule screening; 3) The low-dose, non-contrast chest CT scan; 4) Follow-up, including reassessment of intermediate cases, care for positive cases, organization of the next round of screening, and quality assessment.
Research priorities include identifying at-risk populations, improving recruitment and retention, enhancing the quality and appropriateness of post-screening care, and improving the cost-effectiveness of care.
The eligibility criteria and procedures for lung cancer screening are based on the results of two large prospective randomized studies, one North American (NLST) and the other European (NELSON).
Lung cancer screening has been progressively recommended and implemented worldwide since the 2010s. It involves a process with four main steps: 1) inviting target populations; 2) The initial consultation to verify eligibility, provide information, offer smoking cessation support, and schedule screening; 3) The low-dose, non-contrast chest CT scan; 4) Follow-up, including reassessment of intermediate cases, care for positive cases, organization of the next round of screening, and quality assessment.
Research priorities include identifying at-risk populations, improving recruitment and retention, enhancing the quality and appropriateness of post-screening care, and improving the cost-effectiveness of care.