Anti-Facteur XI : Au contact du Graal ? / Anti-Factor XI: at the Contact to Holy Grail ? (Pr I. ELALAMY Département d’Hématologie DMU BioGeM Hôpital Tenon Sorbonne Université Paris INSERM UMR S938)
Séance du mercredi 18 mai 2022 (La thromboprophylaxie péri-opératoire aujourd’hui : les raisons de son optimisation)
N° de DOI : 10.26299/q8v3-t120/emem.2022.17.04
Résumé
Les antithrombotiques compromettent inévitablement l'hémostase et font craindre un risque hémorragique logiquement accru dans des contextes particulièrement sensibles comme la chirurgie ou chez des patients avec comorbidités plus fragiles. Le développement de nouveaux agents, capables à la fois de préserver l’hémostase nécessaire au colmatage des brèches vasculaires et de limiter l’extension d’un thrombus pathologique, a donc ciblé le facteur XI (FXI), sérine-protéase de la voie intrinsèque et non plus les classiques acteurs-clés comme le FXa ou la thrombine1. Le FXI contribue à la progression du caillot, mais, contrairement au FIX et au FVIII, il n'a qu'un effet mineur sur la consolidation du caillot pendant l'hémostase. Par ailleurs, les patients déficitaires constitutionnels en FXI ne présentent pas de saignements ni d'hématomes spontanés ou d'hémarthroses, et la survenue d’événements cardiovasculaires y est très rarement observée. Dans cet exposé, nous verrons les caractéristiques de ces inhibiteurs du FXI, les données encourageantes des essais cliniques 2-6 et les limites éventuelles de l’enthousiasme généré par cette nouvelle classe d'antithrombotiques. L’inhibition de la phase contact de la coagulation se veut plus sûre en offrant des possibilités de traitement d'un plus large éventail de patients particulièrement vulnérables, mais est-ce vraiment l’aboutissement de la quête du Graal antithrombotique ?
Mots-clés : Facteur XI, Anti-FXI, antithrombotique
1. Gailani. Making anticoagulation safer. Lancet. 2022; 9;399(10333):1360-1361.
2. Büller et al. Factor XI antisense oligonucleotide
for prevention of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 232–40.
3. Weitz et al. Effect of osocimab in preventing venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing knee arthroplasty: the FOXTROT randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020; 323: 130–39.
4. Verhamme et al. Abelacimab for prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 609–17.
5. Weitz et al. Milvexian for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 2161–72.
6. Piccini et al. Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study. Lancet 2022;399(10333):1383-1390
Pr I. ELALAMY
Département d’Hématologie DMU BioGeM
Hôpital Tenon Sorbonne Université Paris INSERM UMR S938
Antithrombotics inevitably compromise hemostasis and raise fears of a logically increased risk of bleeding in particularly sensitive contexts such as surgery or in fragile patients with comorbidities. The development of new agents, capable both of preserving the hemostasis necessary for sealing vascular lesions and of limiting the extension of a pathological thrombus, has therefore targeted factor XI (FXI), a serine protease of the intrinsic pathway. and no longer the classic key players such as FXa or thrombin1. FXI contributes to clot progression but, unlike FIX and FVIII, it has only a minor effect on clot consolidation during hemostasis. In addition, patients with constitutional FXI deficiency do not present with bleeding or spontaneous hematomas or hemarthrosis, and the occurrence of cardiovascular events is very rarely observed. In this presentation, we will see the different FXI inhibitors characteristics, the encouraging data from clinical trials2-6 and the possible limitations of the enthusiasm generated by this new class of anticoagulants. Inhibition of the contact phase of coagulation is intended to be safer by offering treatment possibilities for a wider range of particularly vulnerable patients, but is this really the culmination of the quest for the antithrombotic Holy Grail?
Keywords: Factor XI, Anti-FXI, Antithrombotics
1. Gailani. Making anticoagulation safer. Lancet. 2022; 9;399(10333):1360-1361.
2. Büller et al. Factor XI antisense oligonucleotide
for prevention of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 232–40.
3. Weitz et al. Effect of osocimab in preventing venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing knee arthroplasty: the FOXTROT randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020; 323: 130–39.
4. Verhamme et al. Abelacimab for prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 609–17.
5. Weitz et al. Milvexian for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 2161–72.
6. Piccini et al. Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study. Lancet 2022;399(10333):1383-1390
Mots-clés : Facteur XI, Anti-FXI, antithrombotique
1. Gailani. Making anticoagulation safer. Lancet. 2022; 9;399(10333):1360-1361.
2. Büller et al. Factor XI antisense oligonucleotide
for prevention of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 232–40.
3. Weitz et al. Effect of osocimab in preventing venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing knee arthroplasty: the FOXTROT randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020; 323: 130–39.
4. Verhamme et al. Abelacimab for prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 609–17.
5. Weitz et al. Milvexian for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 2161–72.
6. Piccini et al. Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study. Lancet 2022;399(10333):1383-1390
Pr I. ELALAMY
Département d’Hématologie DMU BioGeM
Hôpital Tenon Sorbonne Université Paris INSERM UMR S938
Antithrombotics inevitably compromise hemostasis and raise fears of a logically increased risk of bleeding in particularly sensitive contexts such as surgery or in fragile patients with comorbidities. The development of new agents, capable both of preserving the hemostasis necessary for sealing vascular lesions and of limiting the extension of a pathological thrombus, has therefore targeted factor XI (FXI), a serine protease of the intrinsic pathway. and no longer the classic key players such as FXa or thrombin1. FXI contributes to clot progression but, unlike FIX and FVIII, it has only a minor effect on clot consolidation during hemostasis. In addition, patients with constitutional FXI deficiency do not present with bleeding or spontaneous hematomas or hemarthrosis, and the occurrence of cardiovascular events is very rarely observed. In this presentation, we will see the different FXI inhibitors characteristics, the encouraging data from clinical trials2-6 and the possible limitations of the enthusiasm generated by this new class of anticoagulants. Inhibition of the contact phase of coagulation is intended to be safer by offering treatment possibilities for a wider range of particularly vulnerable patients, but is this really the culmination of the quest for the antithrombotic Holy Grail?
Keywords: Factor XI, Anti-FXI, Antithrombotics
1. Gailani. Making anticoagulation safer. Lancet. 2022; 9;399(10333):1360-1361.
2. Büller et al. Factor XI antisense oligonucleotide
for prevention of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 232–40.
3. Weitz et al. Effect of osocimab in preventing venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing knee arthroplasty: the FOXTROT randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020; 323: 130–39.
4. Verhamme et al. Abelacimab for prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 609–17.
5. Weitz et al. Milvexian for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 2161–72.
6. Piccini et al. Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study. Lancet 2022;399(10333):1383-1390