Napoléon Bonaparte créateur du concours de l’Internat des Hôpitaux.

The "internship competition" is not a creation ex nihilo, but rather part of a
long evolution that can be traced back to Louis IX (Saint Louis) in 1260 with
his surgeon Jean Pitard, and up to Napoleon Bonaparte. Without going into
the entire history of medicine, it must be acknowledged that the internship
was built solely on surgery, with medicine dominating for 500 years of
stagnation maintained by excessive pseudo-Latin scholasticism. Meanwhile,
in practice, and to ensure patient care, barber-surgeons took over hospital
on-call rooms, organizing themselves into workers' guilds and then into
confraternities whose on-call room traditions have been passed down to the
present day. While the intensity of rivalries between doctors and surgeons
dominated, it was no less a source of very damaging fights between barber-
surgeons and barber-surgeons-barbers. After the revolutionary upheaval, the
competitive entrance exam for medical internships was established by a
consular decree of 4 Ventôse, Year XI (February 10, 1802). This exam
provided high-quality training for four years while ensuring a permanent
presence in public hospitals, and attempted to perpetuate the traditions of the
staff rooms, reflecting the original spirit of the confraternities. However, this
overly elitist training, a path to success in France, though envied by other
European countries, underwent successive reforms from the 1950s onward,
culminating in its abolition in 2005. RIP!