Surgery : Balance between art and Science

From barber to surgeon, it took centuries to accept the surgeon as medical profession. Since
Ambroise Pare, father of modern surgery, the surgeon has been named successively,
anatomists, craftsman, artists, technicians and even as pilots.
How can we define the surgeon? Are we only technical performers, producers or are
imaginative and creative? Is surgical innovation is only defined by technology or does it
include human factor?
Disruptive technology including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robotic with
automatization of the surgical acts has impacted the surgical profession to the point that
some fear that the surgeon will disappear and become a simple technician or an avatar.
Questions remain regarding the training and the evaluate the new surgeon according to which
criteria, quantitative or qualitative?
The surgeon is constantly balanced between its knowledge keeper role and its creative
capacity of innovating and over the years has always been able to adapt to the permanent
technological revolutions. The surgeon is and remains the director of its own future.