Current Status of Rectal Cancer Treatment in China

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common carcinoma in China. For economic reasons, a national colorectal cancer registry system has not been established and a large scale screening program has not yet been implemented. Therefore, accurate statistical data concerning the incidence of colorectal cancer covering the whole country cannot be obtained. In China, the majority of hospitals in central cities and even in county hospitals are able to provide medical care for CRC patients. Due to socioeconomic disparities, medical conditions and skill levels, there is a wide variation in the treatment. Most oncologists make their clinical decisions based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines although some domestic guidelines are now available. In October 11, 2011, the China Ministry of Health released the National Guideline of colorectal cancer treatment. This will give a degree of standardization of the treatment of CRC nationwide and will ensure that higher quality care will be available, especially in rural areas. Owing to language difficulties, research on CRC in China has only had a limited exposure in the international literature, due in some part to lack of understanding of the current position in the country. Chinese colorectal surgeons urgently need to exchange their knowledge and experience with international colleagues. In this article, the current situation regarding surgical treatment of rectal cancer in China is summarized.